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[PATCH v52 09/10] Reserve replication slots specifically for REPACK
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* [PATCH v52 09/10] Reserve replication slots specifically for REPACK
@ 2026-04-01 17:54 Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Álvaro Herrera @ 2026-04-01 17:54 UTC (permalink / raw)

This allows REPACK to not interfere with other operations that use
replication slots.  This eases configurability.
---
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml                      | 16 ++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/repack.sgml                  |  6 +-
 src/backend/commands/repack.c                 |  3 +-
 src/backend/commands/repack_worker.c          |  4 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c    |  2 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/slotsync.c    |  5 +-
 src/backend/replication/slot.c                | 80 +++++++++++--------
 src/backend/replication/slotfuncs.c           |  8 +-
 src/backend/replication/walsender.c           |  4 +-
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_parameters.dat     |  8 ++
 src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample |  2 +
 src/include/replication/slot.h                |  3 +-
 12 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index 422ba304982..a67dd6b9eb1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -4638,6 +4638,22 @@ restore_command = 'copy "C:\\server\\archivedir\\%f" "%p"'  # Windows
        </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
+      <varlistentry id="guc-max-repack-replication-slots" xreflabel="max_repack_replication_slots">
+       <term><varname>max_repack_replication_slots</varname> (<type>integer</type>)
+       <indexterm>
+        <primary><varname>max_repack_replication_slots</varname> configuration parameter</primary>
+       </indexterm>
+       </term>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Specifies the maximum number of replication slots for use of
+         the <command>REPACK</command> command.  The default is 5.
+         This parameter can only be set at server start.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+
       <varlistentry id="guc-max-replication-slots" xreflabel="max_replication_slots">
        <term><varname>max_replication_slots</varname> (<type>integer</type>)
        <indexterm>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/repack.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/repack.sgml
index e993dfb3108..c532a39ee07 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/repack.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/repack.sgml
@@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ REPACK [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] USING
 
        <listitem>
         <para>
-         The <link linkend="guc-max-replication-slots"><varname>max_replication_slots</varname></link>
-         configuration parameter does not allow for creation of an additional
-         replication slot.
+         The <link linkend="guc-max-repack-replication-slots"><varname>max_repack_replication_slots</varname></link>
+         configuration parameter does not allow for the creation of an
+         additional replication slot.
         </para>
        </listitem>
       </itemizedlist>
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack.c b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
index d4c1f0e7652..d932d526235 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack.c
@@ -3381,7 +3381,8 @@ start_repack_decoding_worker(Oid relid)
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIGURATION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
 				errmsg("out of background worker slots"),
-				errhint("You might need to increase \"%s\".", "max_worker_processes"));
+		/* FIXME rename to max_repack_processes? */
+				errhint("You might need to increase \"%s\".", "max_repack_replication_slots"));
 
 	decoding_worker->seg = seg;
 	decoding_worker->error_mqh = mqh;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/repack_worker.c b/src/backend/commands/repack_worker.c
index ff34e246469..610592a05b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/repack_worker.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/repack_worker.c
@@ -233,8 +233,8 @@ repack_setup_logical_decoding(Oid relid)
 	 * RS_TEMPORARY so that the slot gets cleaned up on ERROR.
 	 */
 	snprintf(NameStr(slotname), NAMEDATALEN, "repack_%d", MyProcPid);
-	ReplicationSlotCreate(NameStr(slotname), true, RS_TEMPORARY, false, false,
-						  false);
+	ReplicationSlotCreate(NameStr(slotname), true, RS_TEMPORARY, false, true,
+						  false, false);
 
 	EnsureLogicalDecodingEnabled();
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
index 09964198550..d83125afd0d 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
@@ -1575,7 +1575,7 @@ CreateConflictDetectionSlot(void)
 			errmsg("creating replication conflict detection slot"));
 
 	ReplicationSlotCreate(CONFLICT_DETECTION_SLOT, false, RS_PERSISTENT, false,
-						  false, false);
+						  false, false, false);
 
 	init_conflict_slot_xmin();
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/slotsync.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/slotsync.c
index e75db69e3f6..28c89c5e10d 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/slotsync.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/slotsync.c
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ get_local_synced_slots(void)
 
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 
@@ -814,6 +814,7 @@ synchronize_one_slot(RemoteSlot *remote_slot, Oid remote_dbid,
 		 */
 		ReplicationSlotCreate(remote_slot->name, true, RS_TEMPORARY,
 							  remote_slot->two_phase,
+							  false,
 							  remote_slot->failover,
 							  true);
 
@@ -1691,7 +1692,7 @@ update_synced_slots_inactive_since(void)
 
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/slot.c b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
index d553bd5dbff..2c6c6773ad2 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/slot.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
@@ -152,6 +152,8 @@ ReplicationSlot *MyReplicationSlot = NULL;
 /* GUC variables */
 int			max_replication_slots = 10; /* the maximum number of replication
 										 * slots */
+int			max_repack_replication_slots = 5;	/* the maximum number of slots
+												 * for REPACK */
 
 /*
  * Invalidate replication slots that have remained idle longer than this
@@ -189,14 +191,15 @@ static void SaveSlotToPath(ReplicationSlot *slot, const char *dir, int elevel);
 Size
 ReplicationSlotsShmemSize(void)
 {
+	int			totalslots = max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots;
 	Size		size = 0;
 
-	if (max_replication_slots == 0)
+	if (totalslots == 0)
 		return size;
 
 	size = offsetof(ReplicationSlotCtlData, replication_slots);
 	size = add_size(size,
-					mul_size(max_replication_slots, sizeof(ReplicationSlot)));
+					mul_size(totalslots, sizeof(ReplicationSlot)));
 
 	return size;
 }
@@ -209,7 +212,7 @@ ReplicationSlotsShmemInit(void)
 {
 	bool		found;
 
-	if (max_replication_slots == 0)
+	if (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots == 0)
 		return;
 
 	ReplicationSlotCtl = (ReplicationSlotCtlData *)
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ ReplicationSlotsShmemInit(void)
 		/* First time through, so initialize */
 		MemSet(ReplicationSlotCtl, 0, ReplicationSlotsShmemSize());
 
-		for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+		for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 		{
 			ReplicationSlot *slot = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 
@@ -373,6 +376,7 @@ IsSlotForConflictCheck(const char *name)
  * db_specific: logical decoding is db specific; if the slot is going to
  *	   be used for that pass true, otherwise false.
  * two_phase: If enabled, allows decoding of prepared transactions.
+ * repack: If true, use a slot from the pool for REPACK.
  * failover: If enabled, allows the slot to be synced to standbys so
  *     that logical replication can be resumed after failover.
  * synced: True if the slot is synchronized from the primary server.
@@ -380,10 +384,11 @@ IsSlotForConflictCheck(const char *name)
 void
 ReplicationSlotCreate(const char *name, bool db_specific,
 					  ReplicationSlotPersistency persistency,
-					  bool two_phase, bool failover, bool synced)
+					  bool two_phase, bool repack, bool failover, bool synced)
 {
 	ReplicationSlot *slot = NULL;
-	int			i;
+	int			startpoint,
+				endpoint;
 
 	Assert(MyReplicationSlot == NULL);
 
@@ -432,12 +437,16 @@ ReplicationSlotCreate(const char *name, bool db_specific,
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotAllocationLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 
 	/*
-	 * Check for name collision, and identify an allocatable slot.  We need to
-	 * hold ReplicationSlotControlLock in shared mode for this, so that nobody
-	 * else can change the in_use flags while we're looking at them.
+	 * Check for name collision (across the whole array), and identify an
+	 * allocatable slot (in the array slice specific to our current use case:
+	 * either general, or REPACK only).  We need to hold
+	 * ReplicationSlotControlLock in shared mode for this, so that nobody else
+	 * can change the in_use flags while we're looking at them.
 	 */
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	startpoint = !repack ? 0 : max_replication_slots;
+	endpoint = max_replication_slots + (repack ? max_repack_replication_slots : 0);
+	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 
@@ -445,7 +454,9 @@ ReplicationSlotCreate(const char *name, bool db_specific,
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_OBJECT),
 					 errmsg("replication slot \"%s\" already exists", name)));
-		if (!s->in_use && slot == NULL)
+
+		if (i >= startpoint && i < endpoint &&
+			!s->in_use && slot == NULL)
 			slot = s;
 	}
 	LWLockRelease(ReplicationSlotControlLock);
@@ -455,7 +466,8 @@ ReplicationSlotCreate(const char *name, bool db_specific,
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIGURATION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
 				 errmsg("all replication slots are in use"),
-				 errhint("Free one or increase \"max_replication_slots\".")));
+				 errhint("Free one or increase \"%s\".",
+						 repack ? "max_repack_replication_slots" : "max_replication_slots")));
 
 	/*
 	 * Since this slot is not in use, nobody should be looking at any part of
@@ -548,7 +560,7 @@ SearchNamedReplicationSlot(const char *name, bool need_lock)
 	if (need_lock)
 		LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 
@@ -576,7 +588,8 @@ int
 ReplicationSlotIndex(ReplicationSlot *slot)
 {
 	Assert(slot >= ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots &&
-		   slot < ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots + max_replication_slots);
+		   slot < ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots +
+		   (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots));
 
 	return slot - ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots;
 }
@@ -870,7 +883,7 @@ ReplicationSlotCleanup(bool synced_only)
 restart:
 	found_valid_logicalslot = false;
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 
@@ -1252,7 +1265,7 @@ ReplicationSlotsComputeRequiredXmin(bool already_locked)
 	if (!already_locked)
 		LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 		TransactionId effective_xmin;
@@ -1307,7 +1320,7 @@ ReplicationSlotsComputeRequiredLSN(void)
 	Assert(ReplicationSlotCtl != NULL);
 
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 		XLogRecPtr	restart_lsn;
@@ -1374,12 +1387,12 @@ ReplicationSlotsComputeLogicalRestartLSN(void)
 	XLogRecPtr	result = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
 	int			i;
 
-	if (max_replication_slots <= 0)
+	if (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots <= 0)
 		return InvalidXLogRecPtr;
 
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s;
 		XLogRecPtr	restart_lsn;
@@ -1454,11 +1467,11 @@ ReplicationSlotsCountDBSlots(Oid dboid, int *nslots, int *nactive)
 
 	*nslots = *nactive = 0;
 
-	if (max_replication_slots <= 0)
+	if (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots <= 0)
 		return false;
 
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s;
 
@@ -1515,13 +1528,13 @@ ReplicationSlotsDropDBSlots(Oid dboid)
 	bool		found_valid_logicalslot;
 	bool		dropped = false;
 
-	if (max_replication_slots <= 0)
+	if (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots <= 0)
 		return;
 
 restart:
 	found_valid_logicalslot = false;
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s;
 		char	   *slotname;
@@ -1618,11 +1631,11 @@ CheckLogicalSlotExists(void)
 {
 	bool		found = false;
 
-	if (max_replication_slots <= 0)
+	if (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots <= 0)
 		return false;
 
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s;
 		bool		invalidated;
@@ -1663,10 +1676,12 @@ CheckSlotRequirements(void)
 	 * needs the same check.
 	 */
 
-	if (max_replication_slots == 0)
+	/* XXX we should be able to check exactly which type of slot we need */
+	if (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots == 0)
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
-				 errmsg("replication slots can only be used if \"max_replication_slots\" > 0")));
+				 errmsg("replication slots can only be used if \"%s\" > 0 or \"%s\" > 0",
+						"max_replication_slots", "max_repack_replication_slots")));
 
 	if (wal_level < WAL_LEVEL_REPLICA)
 		ereport(ERROR,
@@ -2224,7 +2239,7 @@ InvalidateObsoleteReplicationSlots(uint32 possible_causes,
 	Assert(!(possible_causes & RS_INVAL_WAL_REMOVED) || oldestSegno > 0);
 	Assert(possible_causes != RS_INVAL_NONE);
 
-	if (max_replication_slots == 0)
+	if (max_replication_slots == 0 && max_repack_replication_slots == 0)
 		return invalidated;
 
 	XLogSegNoOffsetToRecPtr(oldestSegno, 0, wal_segment_size, oldestLSN);
@@ -2232,7 +2247,7 @@ InvalidateObsoleteReplicationSlots(uint32 possible_causes,
 restart:
 	found_valid_logicalslot = false;
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 		bool		released_lock = false;
@@ -2337,7 +2352,7 @@ CheckPointReplicationSlots(bool is_shutdown)
 	 */
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotAllocationLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 		char		path[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -2438,7 +2453,7 @@ StartupReplicationSlots(void)
 	FreeDir(replication_dir);
 
 	/* currently no slots exist, we're done. */
-	if (max_replication_slots <= 0)
+	if (max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots <= 0)
 		return;
 
 	/* Now that we have recovered all the data, compute replication xmin */
@@ -2868,7 +2883,7 @@ RestoreSlotFromDisk(const char *name)
 				 errhint("Change \"wal_level\" to be \"replica\" or higher.")));
 
 	/* nothing can be active yet, don't lock anything */
-	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *slot;
 
@@ -2910,6 +2925,7 @@ RestoreSlotFromDisk(const char *name)
 		break;
 	}
 
+	/* XXX might be misleading if the slots previously in use were REPACK. */
 	if (!restored)
 		ereport(FATAL,
 				(errmsg("too many replication slots active before shutdown"),
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/slotfuncs.c b/src/backend/replication/slotfuncs.c
index 9f5e4f998fe..78dd3c4ea66 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/slotfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/slotfuncs.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ create_physical_replication_slot(char *name, bool immediately_reserve,
 	/* acquire replication slot, this will check for conflicting names */
 	ReplicationSlotCreate(name, false,
 						  temporary ? RS_TEMPORARY : RS_PERSISTENT, false,
-						  false, false);
+						  false, false, false);
 
 	if (immediately_reserve)
 	{
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ create_logical_replication_slot(char *name, char *plugin,
 	 */
 	ReplicationSlotCreate(name, true,
 						  temporary ? RS_TEMPORARY : RS_EPHEMERAL, two_phase,
-						  failover, false);
+						  false, failover, false);
 
 	/*
 	 * Ensure the logical decoding is enabled before initializing the logical
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ pg_get_replication_slots(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	currlsn = GetXLogWriteRecPtr();
 
 	LWLockAcquire(ReplicationSlotControlLock, LW_SHARED);
-	for (slotno = 0; slotno < max_replication_slots; slotno++)
+	for (slotno = 0; slotno < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; slotno++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *slot = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[slotno];
 		ReplicationSlot slot_contents;
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ copy_replication_slot(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, bool logical_slot)
 	 * managed to create the new slot, we advance the new slot's restart_lsn
 	 * to the source slot's updated restart_lsn the second time we lock it.
 	 */
-	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < max_replication_slots + max_repack_replication_slots; i++)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlot *s = &ReplicationSlotCtl->replication_slots[i];
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
index 2bb3f34dc6d..75ef3419a15 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ CreateReplicationSlot(CreateReplicationSlotCmd *cmd)
 	{
 		ReplicationSlotCreate(cmd->slotname, false,
 							  cmd->temporary ? RS_TEMPORARY : RS_PERSISTENT,
-							  false, false, false);
+							  false, false, false, false);
 
 		if (reserve_wal)
 		{
@@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ CreateReplicationSlot(CreateReplicationSlotCmd *cmd)
 		 */
 		ReplicationSlotCreate(cmd->slotname, true,
 							  cmd->temporary ? RS_TEMPORARY : RS_EPHEMERAL,
-							  two_phase, failover, false);
+							  two_phase, false, failover, false);
 
 		/*
 		 * Do options check early so that we can bail before calling the
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_parameters.dat b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_parameters.dat
index fc0900efe5f..857be159f5c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_parameters.dat
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_parameters.dat
@@ -2070,6 +2070,14 @@
   max => 'MAX_BACKENDS',
 },
 
+{ name => 'max_repack_replication_slots', type => 'int', context => 'PGC_POSTMASTER', group => 'REPLICATION_SENDING',
+  short_desc => 'Sets the maximum number of replication slots for use by REPACK.',
+  variable => 'max_repack_replication_slots',
+  boot_val => '5',
+  min => '0',
+  max => 'MAX_BACKENDS',
+},
+
 /* see max_wal_senders */
 { name => 'max_replication_slots', type => 'int', context => 'PGC_POSTMASTER', group => 'REPLICATION_SENDING',
   short_desc => 'Sets the maximum number of simultaneously defined replication slots.',
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
index c8194c27aa7..9c3c5d16361 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
@@ -348,6 +348,8 @@
                                 # (change requires restart)
 #max_replication_slots = 10     # max number of replication slots
                                 # (change requires restart)
+#max_repack_replication_slots = 5 # max number of replication slots for REPACK
+                                # (change requires restart)
 #wal_keep_size = 0              # in megabytes; 0 disables
 #max_slot_wal_keep_size = -1    # in megabytes; -1 disables
 #idle_replication_slot_timeout = 0      # in seconds; 0 disables
diff --git a/src/include/replication/slot.h b/src/include/replication/slot.h
index 4b4709f6e2c..c316a01a807 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/slot.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/slot.h
@@ -324,6 +324,7 @@ extern PGDLLIMPORT ReplicationSlot *MyReplicationSlot;
 
 /* GUCs */
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int max_replication_slots;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT int max_repack_replication_slots;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT char *synchronized_standby_slots;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int idle_replication_slot_timeout_secs;
 
@@ -334,7 +335,7 @@ extern void ReplicationSlotsShmemInit(void);
 /* management of individual slots */
 extern void ReplicationSlotCreate(const char *name, bool db_specific,
 								  ReplicationSlotPersistency persistency,
-								  bool two_phase, bool failover,
+								  bool two_phase, bool repack, bool failover,
 								  bool synced);
 extern void ReplicationSlotPersist(void);
 extern void ReplicationSlotDrop(const char *name, bool nowait);
-- 
2.47.3


--gp2pyozrd5pweboh
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=utf-8
Content-Disposition: attachment;
	filename="v52-0010-CheckLogicalDecodingRequirements-be-specific-abo.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 513+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context.
@ 2026-06-02 09:37 Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 513+ messages in thread

From: Andy Fan @ 2026-06-02 09:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 src/backend/access/common/printtup.c |  8 ++-
 src/backend/utils/adt/date.c         | 32 +++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/float.c        | 62 ++++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/int.c          | 82 +++++++++++++++-------------
 src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c         | 40 ++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c      | 46 ++++++++++++----
 src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c    | 50 ++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c      | 52 ++++++++----------
 src/include/libpq/pqformat.h         | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/include/utils/builtins.h         | 24 ++++++++
 10 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 132 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
index 2e3eb8f56d3..ab625736ac1 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/printtup.c
@@ -393,17 +393,19 @@ printtup(TupleTableSlot *slot, DestReceiver *self)
 		else
 		{
 			/* Binary output */
+			Datum		outputdatum;
 			bytea	   *outputbytes;
 
-			outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate));
+			outputdatum = FunctionCallInvoke(thisState->outstate);
 			Assert(!thisState->outstate->isnull);
 
 			/*
-			 * If outputbytes == NULL, the send function directly appended a
+			 * If outputdatum == 0, the send function directly appended a
 			 * correctly formatted message.
 			 */
-			if (outputbytes)
+			if (outputdatum)
 			{
+				outputbytes = DatumGetByteaP(outputdatum);
 				pq_sendint32(buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
 				pq_sendbytes(buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
 							 VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
index 7f746dd84c9..43284d43fda 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/date.c
@@ -180,7 +180,6 @@ Datum
 date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	DateADT		date = PG_GETARG_DATEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	char		buf[MAXDATELEN + 1];
@@ -194,8 +193,10 @@ date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		EncodeDateOnly(tm, DateStyle, buf);
 	}
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1606,7 +1607,6 @@ Datum
 time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -1615,8 +1615,10 @@ time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	time2tm(time, tm, &fsec);
 	EncodeTimeOnly(tm, fsec, false, 0, DateStyle, buf);
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1652,11 +1654,21 @@ Datum
 time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimeADT		time = PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, time);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
index 362c29ab803..161d5593f5f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/float.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "common/shortest_dec.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
 #include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
 #include "utils/float.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 #include "utils/sortsupport.h"
@@ -360,17 +361,18 @@ Datum
 float4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	char	   *ascii = (char *) palloc(32);
+	char		ascii[32];
 	int			ndig = FLT_DIG + extra_float_digits;
 
 	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
-	{
 		float_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
-		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
-	}
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(ascii);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -391,11 +393,21 @@ Datum
 float4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float4		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT4(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat4_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat4(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -563,8 +575,18 @@ Datum
 float8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
+	char		ascii[32];
+	int			ndig = DBL_DIG + extra_float_digits;
+
+	if (extra_float_digits > 0)
+		double_to_shortest_decimal_buf(num, ascii);
+	else
+		(void) pg_strfromd(ascii, 32, ndig, num);
 
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(float8out_internal(num));
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, ascii, strlen(ascii)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(ascii));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -608,11 +630,21 @@ Datum
 float8send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	float8		num = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendfloat8_field(buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendfloat8(&buf, num);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
index de54a43c98d..9a3fda0403a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int.c
@@ -74,10 +74,27 @@ Datum
 int2out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	char	   *result = (char *) palloc(7);	/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	int			maxlen = 7;		/* sign, 5 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pg_itoa(arg1, result);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_itoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char	   *result = (char *) palloc(maxlen);
+
+		pg_itoa(arg1, result);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -98,11 +115,21 @@ Datum
 int2send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int16		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT16(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint16_field(buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint16(&buf, arg1);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -328,40 +355,22 @@ int4out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
 	int			maxlen = 12;	/* sign, 10 digits, '\0' */
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger
-		 * ouput.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: A good chunk of this should obviously be in helper
-		 * functions.
-		 */
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-		StringInfo	buf = inout->buf;
-		int			prev_buflen;
+		/* Optimized path for output functions called as part of a larger output. */
+		int			offset;
 		int			len;
-		uint32		len_net;
-
-		/* reserve space for length and the max string length */
-		enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
-
-		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out later */
-		prev_buflen = buf->len;
-		buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
 
 		/*
 		 * Construct string directly in buffer, we don't have to care about
 		 * encoding conversions, because we assume that every encoding
 		 * embodies ascii (XXX: Is that actually true with client encodings?).
 		 */
-		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, buf->data + buf->len);
+		len = pg_ltoa(arg1, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
 		buf->len += len;
-
-		/* update the previously reserved length */
-		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
-		memcpy(&buf->data[prev_buflen], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
 
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
@@ -395,16 +404,11 @@ Datum
 int4send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int32		arg1 = PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		InOutContext *inout = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context);
-
-		/* length of data */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, 4);
-		/* data itself */
-		pq_sendint32(inout->buf, arg1);
-
+		pq_sendint32_field(buf, arg1);
 		PG_RETURN_VOID();
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
index 9b429da86d9..184927f4438 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/int8.c
@@ -63,19 +63,37 @@ Datum
 int8out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	int64		val = PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
-	char	   *result;
-	int			len;
+	int			maxlen = MAXINT8LEN + 1;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+		int			len;
 
-	/*
-	 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and memcpy()
-	 * to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in pstrdup().
-	 */
-	result = palloc(len);
-	memcpy(result, buf, len);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, pq_begincountedfield(buf, maxlen, &offset));
+		buf->len += len;
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		char		buf[MAXINT8LEN + 1];
+		char	   *result;
+		int			len;
+
+		len = pg_lltoa(val, buf) + 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Since the length is already known, we do a manual palloc() and
+		 * memcpy() to avoid the strlen() call that would otherwise be done in
+		 * pstrdup().
+		 */
+		result = palloc(len);
+		memcpy(result, buf, len);
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
index cb23dfe9b95..1264a0bb0ff 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/numeric.c
@@ -808,11 +808,16 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	if (NUMERIC_IS_SPECIAL(num))
 	{
 		if (NUMERIC_IS_PINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("Infinity"));
+			str = "Infinity";
 		else if (NUMERIC_IS_NINF(num))
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("-Infinity"));
+			str = "-Infinity";
 		else
-			PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup("NaN"));
+			str = "NaN";
+
+		if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+			PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(str));
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -822,6 +827,9 @@ numeric_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	str = get_str_from_var(&x);
 
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, str, strlen(str)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
 	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(str);
 }
 
@@ -1147,21 +1155,37 @@ numeric_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Numeric		num = PG_GETARG_NUMERIC(0);
 	NumericVar	x;
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf;
+	StringInfoData localbuf;
+	bool		inout;
 	int			i;
 
 	init_var_from_num(num, &x);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+	inout = buf != NULL;
+	if (inout)
+	{
+		/* length of data */
+		pq_sendint32(buf, (4 + x.ndigits) * sizeof(int16));
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		pq_begintypsend(&localbuf);
+		buf = &localbuf;
+	}
 
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.ndigits);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.weight);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.sign);
-	pq_sendint16(&buf, x.dscale);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.ndigits);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.weight);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.sign);
+	pq_sendint16(buf, x.dscale);
 	for (i = 0; i < x.ndigits; i++)
-		pq_sendint16(&buf, x.digits[i]);
+		pq_sendint16(buf, x.digits[i]);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (inout)
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&localbuf));
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
index a20e7ea1d11..0c0b7af700a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/timestamp.c
@@ -227,7 +227,6 @@ Datum
 timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
 	fsec_t		fsec;
@@ -242,8 +241,10 @@ timestamp_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -286,11 +287,21 @@ Datum
 timestamp_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Timestamp	timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
@@ -773,7 +784,6 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz dt = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	char	   *result;
 	int			tz;
 	struct pg_tm tt,
 			   *tm = &tt;
@@ -790,8 +800,10 @@ timestamptz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATETIME_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
 				 errmsg("timestamp out of range")));
 
-	result = pstrdup(buf);
-	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+	if (pg_send_inout_text(fcinfo, buf, strlen(buf)))
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	else
+		PG_RETURN_CSTRING(pstrdup(buf));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -835,11 +847,21 @@ Datum
 timestamptz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	TimestampTz timestamp = PG_GETARG_TIMESTAMPTZ(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64_field(buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendint64(&buf, timestamp);
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 Datum
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index 4948ced7dec..5dac5b39f11 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -289,37 +289,15 @@ Datum
 textout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	Datum		txt = PG_GETARG_DATUM(0);
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+	if (buf)
 	{
-		StringInfo	buf = castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
 		text	   *tunpacked = pg_detoast_datum_packed(DatumGetPointer(txt));
 		int			len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(tunpacked);
 		char	   *data = VARDATA_ANY(tunpacked);
-		char	   *data_converted;
-		size_t		data_len;
-
-		/*
-		 * Convert text output to the right encoding.  For efficiency, this
-		 * should really happen directly into buf. For that we would have to
-		 * reserve space for the length first and fill it out after
-		 * conversion.
-		 *
-		 * FIXME: Obviously we would need helpers for this too.
-		 */
-		data_converted = pg_server_to_client(data, len);
-
-		if (data == data_converted)
-			data_len = len;
-		else
-			data_len = strlen(data_converted);
-
-		/* length */
-		pq_sendint32(buf, data_len);
-
-		/* actual data */
-		appendBinaryStringInfoNT(buf, data_converted, data_len);
 
+		pq_sendcountedtext(buf, data, len);
 		if (tunpacked != DatumGetPointer(txt))
 			pfree(tunpacked);
 
@@ -356,11 +334,27 @@ Datum
 textsend(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	text	   *t = PG_GETARG_TEXT_PP(0);
-	StringInfoData buf;
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
 
-	pq_begintypsend(&buf);
-	pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
-	PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	if (buf)
+	{
+		int			offset;
+
+		/* reserve space for length, to be filled out after conversion */
+		(void) pq_begincountedfield(buf, 0, &offset);
+		pq_sendtext(buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		pq_endcountedfield(buf, offset);
+
+		PG_RETURN_VOID();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		StringInfoData buf;
+
+		pq_begintypsend(&buf);
+		pq_sendtext(&buf, VARDATA_ANY(t), VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(t));
+		PG_RETURN_BYTEA_P(pq_endtypsend(&buf));
+	}
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
index bc4ab1381a9..d40f36b5fbc 100644
--- a/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
+++ b/src/include/libpq/pqformat.h
@@ -94,6 +94,32 @@ pq_writeint64(StringInfoData *pg_restrict buf, uint64 i)
 	buf->len += sizeof(uint64);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Reserve a length-prefixed field in a StringInfo buffer, returning the
+ * location at which the payload should be written.  The payload length is
+ * filled in by pq_endcountedfield().
+ */
+static inline char *
+pq_begincountedfield(StringInfo buf, int maxlen, int *offset)
+{
+	enlargeStringInfo(buf, sizeof(uint32) + maxlen);
+
+	*offset = buf->len;
+	buf->len += sizeof(uint32);
+
+	return buf->data + buf->len;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the length of a field started by pq_begincountedfield(). */
+static inline void
+pq_endcountedfield(StringInfo buf, int offset)
+{
+	int			len = buf->len - offset - sizeof(uint32);
+	uint32		len_net = pg_hton32(len);
+
+	memcpy(&buf->data[offset], &len_net, sizeof(uint32));
+}
+
 /*
  * Append a null-terminated text string (with conversion) to a buffer with
  * preallocated space.
@@ -187,6 +213,41 @@ pq_sendint(StringInfo buf, uint32 i, int b)
 	}
 }
 
+/* append length-prefixed binary fields to a StringInfo buffer */
+static inline void
+pq_sendint16_field(StringInfo buf, uint16 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint16));
+	pq_sendint16(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint32_field(StringInfo buf, uint32 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint32));
+	pq_sendint32(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendint64_field(StringInfo buf, uint64 i)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(uint64));
+	pq_sendint64(buf, i);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat4_field(StringInfo buf, float4 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float4));
+	pq_sendfloat4(buf, f);
+}
+
+static inline void
+pq_sendfloat8_field(StringInfo buf, float8 f)
+{
+	pq_sendint32(buf, sizeof(float8));
+	pq_sendfloat8(buf, f);
+}
 
 extern void pq_begintypsend(StringInfo buf);
 extern bytea *pq_endtypsend(StringInfo buf);
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index b6a11bfa288..0bf228a746b 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -15,12 +15,36 @@
 #define BUILTINS_H
 
 #include "fmgr.h"
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "nodes/miscnodes.h"
 #include "nodes/nodes.h"
 #include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
 
 /* Sign + the most decimal digits an 8-byte number could have */
 #define MAXINT8LEN 20
 
+/* Helpers for output/send functions using InOutContext. */
+static inline StringInfo
+pg_get_inout_context_buf(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo)
+{
+	if (fcinfo->context && IsA(fcinfo->context, InOutContext))
+		return castNode(InOutContext, fcinfo->context)->buf;
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+pg_send_inout_text(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *str, int slen)
+{
+	StringInfo	buf = pg_get_inout_context_buf(fcinfo);
+
+	if (!buf)
+		return false;
+
+	pq_sendcountedtext(buf, str, slen);
+	return true;
+}
+
 /* bool.c */
 extern bool parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result);
 extern bool parse_bool_with_len(const char *value, size_t len, bool *result);
-- 
2.43.0


--=-=-=
Content-Type: text/x-diff
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename=v2-0004-Let-pgbench-support-binary-format.patch



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2026-04-01 17:54 [PATCH v52 09/10] Reserve replication slots specifically for REPACK Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@kurilemu.de>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
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2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>
2026-06-02 09:37 [PATCH v2 3/4] Optimize more data type for less memory copy with optional context. Andy Fan <zhihuifan1213@163.com>

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